System and method for adaptive driving beam headlamp

ABSTRACT

A lighting system for a local vehicle, comprising: a head lamp including a low-beam lamp for shining low-beam light in a first zone, and a first high-beam lamp for shining first high-beam light in the first zone; a sensory cluster for detecting a remote vehicle proximate to the local vehicle, the sensory cluster including a distance sensor for determining a distance of the remote vehicle from the local vehicle, and a velocity sensor for determining a velocity of the remote vehicle with respect to the local vehicle; and a lighting controller for determining a minimum-distance target time when the remote vehicle will reach a minimum distance from the local vehicle based on the distance of the remote vehicle and the velocity of the remote vehicle, and for controlling the operation of the first high-beam lamp based on the distance of the remote vehicle and the velocity of the remote vehicle.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/822,723filed on Mar. 18, 2020, the disclosure of which is incorporated hereinby reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This disclosure relates to an adaptive driving beam (ADB) headlamp and amethod of operating an ADB headlamp. More specifically, it relates to anADB headlamp system and method in a local vehicle that detects a remotevehicle and automatically dims a high beam directed toward the remotevehicle in a gradual manner to avoid dazzling the driver of the localvehicle.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Conventional forward lighting systems typically offer two lightingpatterns: a high-beam pattern and a low-beam pattern. The high beampattern is configured to shine light in a forward field of vision thatis brighter than and angled higher than light shone by the low-beampattern. Since it is at a higher angle, the high-beam pattern willprovide lighting for a longer distance, allowing the operator of thevehicle the ability to see farther at night than would be possible usingthe low-beam pattern. The low-beam pattern is configured to shine lightin the forward field of vision at an angle sufficiently low that theoperator of an oncoming vehicle immediately in front of the lightingsystem will not be dazzled by the low-beam pattern.

However, the brighter light and higher angle of the high-beam patternmeans that it can potentially dazzle an operator of an oncoming vehicleor a vehicle travelling immediately in front of the vehicle with thehigh-beam pattern activated. As a result, vehicle operators willtypically use the high-beam pattern when no other vehicles are in theforward field of vision and will switch to the low-beam pattern when avehicle enters the forward field of vision.

Adaptive driving beam (ADB) systems provide an important safety functionfor a forward lighting system of a vehicle by providing a mechanism toautomatically switch between the high-beam pattern and the low-beampattern. ADB systems typically keep the forward lighting system in ahigh-beam pattern until an object such as an oncoming vehicle isdetected in or about to enter a forward field of vision. At this point,the ADB system switches to a low-beam pattern to avoid dazzling of thedriver of the oncoming vehicle.

Conventional ADB systems typically depend on the principle of dynamicswitching of a matrix-type structure. This dynamic switching consists ofa mechanical means to instantly switch the ADB system from the high-beampattern to the low-beam pattern to avoid the dazzling effect on thedrivers of the oncoming vehicle. The matrix-type structure refers to theplacement of LEDs in a particular way in which they can turn on or offbased on input sensor signals and decisions made by a control system.

However, the dazzling effect of the high-beam pattern is greatest whenan approaching vehicle is closest to the current vehicle with the ADBsystem and becomes increasingly less the farther away the approachingvehicle is from the current vehicle. Thus, when a conventional ADBsystem detects an approaching vehicle at a distance and switches fromthe high-beam pattern to the low-beam pattern, the result is that formost of the time that the oncoming vehicle is in front of the currentvehicle and approaching the current vehicle, the forward lighting systemcould be shining light more brightly and still not dazzle an oncomingvehicle. It would therefore be desirable to provide a lighting devicethat will gradually decrease a light intensity or angle of the lightingsystem in the forward field of vision from the highest intensity of thehigh-beam pattern to the lowest intensity of the low-beam pattern as avehicle approaches the current vehicle.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A lighting system for a local vehicle is provided, comprising: a headlamp including a low-beam lamp configured to shine low beam light in afirst of zone adjacent to the local vehicle, and a first high-beam lampconfigured to shine first high-beam light in the first zone adjacent tothe local vehicle; a sensory cluster configured to detect a remotevehicle proximate to the local vehicle, the sensory cluster including adistance sensor configured to determine a distance of the remote vehiclefrom the local vehicle, and a velocity sensor configured to determine avelocity of the remote vehicle with respect to the local vehicle; and alighting controller configured to determine a minimum-distance targettime when the remote vehicle will reach a minimum distance from thelocal vehicle based on the distance of the remote vehicle and thevelocity of the remote vehicle, and configured to control the operationof the first high-beam lamp based on the distance of the remote vehicleand the velocity of the remote vehicle.

The lighting controller may be further configured to gradually reduce afirst light intensity of the first high-beam lamp from a maximumintensity to zero intensity from a detection time at which the sensorycluster detects the remote vehicle to an off-time prior to theminimum-distance time.

The lighting controller may be further configured to gradually increasethe first light intensity of the first high-beam lamp from the zerointensity to the maximum intensity from the minimum-distance time to amaximum-intensity time after the minimum-distance time.

The lighting system may further comprise: a second high-beam lampconfigured to shine second high-beam light in a second zone adjacent tothe local vehicle, the second zone being different from the first zone,wherein the sensory cluster is further configured to determine anidentified zone from the first and second zones in which the remotevehicle is located, and the lighting controller is further configured tocontrol the operation of the first and second high-beam lamps based onthe minimum-distance time and the target zone, and the identified zone.

The lighting controller may be further configured to gradually reduce afirst light intensity of the first high-beam lamp from a maximumintensity to zero intensity from a detection time at which the sensorycluster detects the remote vehicle to an off-time prior to theminimum-distance time, and maintain a second light intensity of thesecond high-beam lamp at a maximum intensity.

The lighting system may further comprise a first lens configured to passthe first high-beam light from the first high-beam lamp to the firstzone; and a second lens configured to pass the second high-beam lightfrom the second high-beam lamp to the second zone, wherein each of thefirst and second lenses is configured to selectively and independentlyalter its light transmissivity to between 0% and 100%, and the lightingcontroller is further configured to individually control the lighttransmissivity of the first and second lenses based on theminimum-distance time, the target zone, and the identified zone.

The low-beam lamp may shine the low-beam light at a first angle belowvertical, the first high-beam lamp may shine the first high-beam lightat a second angle below vertical, and the first angle can be greaterthan the second angle.

The lighting system may further comprise a lamp driver wherein the firsthigh-beam lamp includes one or more light-emitting circuits, and thelamp driver is configured to selectively control operation of each ofthe one or more light-emitting circuits to transmit between maximumlight and no light, including a plurality of light intensities betweenthe maximum light and the no light.

The sensory cluster may include at least one of a camera, a LiDARsensor, a radar sensor, or a sonar sensor.

The head lamp may include a first headlamp located on a first side ofthe local vehicle, and a second headlamp located on a second side of thelocal vehicle different from the first side.

A method of controlling a lighting system for a local vehicle isprovided, comprising: turning on a first high-beam lamp in the localvehicle, the first high beam shining a first high-beam light into afirst zone adjacent to the local vehicle; detecting a remote vehicleproximate to the local vehicle at a detection time; determining adistance between the local vehicle and the remote vehicle; determining avelocity of the remote vehicle with respect to the local vehicle;estimating a minimum-distance time when the remote vehicle will be at aminimum distance from the local vehicle using the distance between thelocal vehicle and the remote vehicle and velocity of the remote vehiclewith respect to the local vehicle; determining a zero-intensity timethat is before the minimum-distance time; determining an intensityfunction that starts at full intensity at the detection time and dropsto zero intensity at the zero-intensity time based on the distancebetween the local vehicle and the remote vehicle and the velocity of theremote vehicle; gradually reducing a first light intensity of the firsthigh-beam lamp based on the intensity function from when the intensityfunction is determined to the zero-intensity time based on the intensityfunction, and maintaining the first light intensity of the firsthigh-beam lamp at zero intensity from the zero-intensity time to theminimum-distance time.

The method may further comprise: gradually increasing the first lightintensity of the first high-beam lamp from the zero intensity to themaximum intensity from the minimum-distance time to a maximum-intensitytime after the minimum-distance time.

The method may further comprise: turning on a second high-beam lamp inthe local vehicle after turning on the first high-beam lamp, the secondhigh beam shining a second high-beam light into a second zone adjacentto the local vehicle, the second zone being different from the firstzone; determining that the remote vehicle is located in the first zoneafter detecting the remote vehicle; and maintaining a second lightintensity of the second high-beam lamp at full intensity from thedetection time to the minimum-distance time.

The method may further comprise: turning on a low-beam lamp to shine alow-beam light in the first zone before turning on the first high-beamlamp.

The low-beam lamp may shine the low beam light at a first angle belowvertical, the first high-beam lamp may shine the first high-beam lightat a second angle below vertical, and the first angle can be greaterthan the second angle.

The operations of detecting the remote vehicle, determining the distancebetween the local vehicle and the remote vehicle, and determining thevelocity of the remote vehicle may be performed using at least one ofcamera data, LiDAR data, radar data, or sonar data.

A system for operating a lighting system of a local vehicle is provided,comprising: a memory; and a processor cooperatively operable with thememory, and configured to, based on instructions stored in the memory,turn on a first high-beam lamp in the local vehicle, the first high beamshining a first high-beam light into a first zone adjacent to the localvehicle; detect a remote vehicle proximate to the local vehicle at adetection time; determine a distance between the local vehicle and theremote vehicle; determine a velocity of the remote vehicle with respectto the local vehicle; estimate a minimum-distance time when the remotevehicle will be at a minimum distance from the local vehicle using thedistance between the local vehicle and the remote vehicle and velocityof the remote vehicle with respect to the local vehicle; determine azero-intensity time that is before the minimum-distance time; determinean intensity function that starts at full intensity at the detectiontime and drops to zero intensity at the zero-intensity time based on thedistance between the local vehicle and the remote vehicle and thevelocity of the remote vehicle; gradually reduce a first light intensityof the first high-beam lamp based on the intensity function from whenthe intensity function is determined to the zero-intensity time based onthe intensity function, and maintain the first light intensity of thefirst high-beam lamp at zero intensity from the zero-intensity time tothe minimum-distance time.

The processor may be further configured to, based on instructions storedin the memory: gradually increase the first light intensity of the firsthigh-beam lamp from the zero intensity to the maximum intensity from theminimum-distance time to a maximum-intensity time after theminimum-distance time.

The processor may be further configured to, based on instructions storedin the memory: turning on a second high-beam lamp in the local vehicleafter turning on the first high-beam lamp, the second high beam shininga second high-beam light into a second zone adjacent to the localvehicle, the second zone being different from the first zone; determinethat the remote vehicle is located in the first zone after detecting theremote vehicle; and maintain a second light intensity of the secondhigh-beam lamp at full intensity from the detection time to theminimum-distance time.

The processor may be further configured to, based on instructions storedin the memory: turn on a low-beam lamp to shine a low-beam light in thefirst zone before turning on the first high-beam lamp.

The low-beam lamp may shine the low beam light at a first angle belowvertical, the first high-beam lamp may shine the first high-beam lightat a second angle below vertical, and the first angle can be greaterthan the second angle.

The operations of detecting the remote vehicle, determining the distancebetween the local vehicle and the remote vehicle, and determining thevelocity of the remote vehicle may be performed using at least one ofcamera data, LiDAR data, radar data, or sonar data.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying figures where like reference numerals refer toidentical or functionally similar elements and which together with thedetailed description below are incorporated in and form part of thespecification, serve to further illustrate an exemplary embodiment andto explain various principles and advantages in accordance with thepresent invention.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an adaptive driving beam (ADB) lightingsystem according to disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a head lamp of FIG. 1 according to disclosedembodiments;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a head lamp in an ADB lighting system showing alow-beam pattern in a forward field of vision according to disclosedembodiments;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the head lamp in the lighting system of FIG. 3showing a high-beam pattern in a forward field of vision according todisclosed embodiments;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of a head lamp in an ADB lighting system showing ahigh-beam pattern in a forward field of vision according to alternatedisclosed embodiments;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of the head lamp in the lighting system of FIG. 3showing an approaching vehicle detected in a forward field of viewaccording to disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 7 is a graph of a distance of an approaching vehicle with respectto a local vehicle over time according to disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 8 is a graph of a light intensity of a high-beam lamp in a lightingsystem over time according to disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an ADB lighting system having right andleft head lamps according to disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 10 is a diagram of a portion of the lighting system of FIG. 9showing control of a single head lamp according to disclosedembodiments;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart describing the operation of an ADB lightingsystem according to disclosed embodiments; and

FIGS. 12A and 12B show a flowchart describing the operation of an ADBlighting system according to alternate disclosed embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The instant disclosure is provided to further explain in an enablingfashion the best modes of performing one or more embodiments of thepresent invention. The disclosure is further offered to enhance anunderstanding and appreciation for the inventive principles andadvantages thereof, rather than to limit in any manner the invention.The invention is defined solely by the appended claims including anyamendments made during the pendency of this application and allequivalents of those claims as issued.

It is further understood that the use of relational terms such as firstand second, and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish onefrom another entity, item, or action without necessarily requiring orimplying any actual such relationship or order between such entities,items or actions. It is noted that some embodiments may include aplurality of processes or steps, which can be performed in any order,unless expressly and necessarily limited to a particular order; i.e.,processes or steps that are not so limited may be performed in anyorder.

Lighting System

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an adaptive driving beam (ADB) lightingsystem 100 according to disclosed embodiments. This lighting system isdesigned for use in a vehicle such as a car, a truck, a motorcycle, aboat, an airplane, or any other type of vehicle that may operate atnighttime or in other situations in which lighting is needed.

As shown in FIG. 1, the lighting system includes a left head lamp 110, aright head lamp 120, a sensory cluster 130, a lighting controller 140,and a memory 150. This lighting system 100 is configured to be installedin a local vehicle (not shown).

The left and right head lamps 110, 120 are vehicular lighting elementsconfigured to illuminate a field of vision in front of the localvehicle. Typically, the left and right headlamps 110, 120 will bearranged to illuminate the same field of vision. Two headlamps 110, 120are provided so that should one head lamp 110, 120 burn out or otherwisemalfunction, the other will still provide illumination in the field ofvision in front of the vehicle.

The left and right head lamps 110, 120 are each configured to generatehigh beam light having a high-beam pattern that covers a high-beam angleof projection with respect to ground and low beam light having alow-beam pattern that covers a low-beam angle of projection with respectto ground. The high-beam angle of projection is higher than the low-beamangle of projection, allowing the high-beam pattern to project lightover a greater distance. The head lamps 110, 120 project the low beamlight according to the low-beam pattern whenever the head lamps 110, 120are on, and project the high beam light according to the high-beampattern whenever the high beams are set to be on.

The high beam light is typically projected in addition to the low beamlight such that the combination of the low beam light andmaximum-intensity high beam light provides a desired amount of high-beamlight for when no remote vehicles are detected in front of the localvehicle.

In various embodiments the left and right head lamps 110, 120 mayinclude one or more light sources with one or more optics for the headlamps 110, 120. The optics may be for individual light sources or theremay be a single optic for the light sources. The light sources caninclude light-emitting diodes (LED), incandescent bulbs, or any othersuitable source of light for a light engine. If LEDs are used, they canbe connected in series or in parallel.

The left and right head lamps 110, 120 are each also configured to varythe intensity of the high beam light, allowing the intensity of thelight projected according to the high-beam pattern to be projectedanywhere from zero intensity up to a maximum intensity.

By varying the intensity of the high-beam light in the high-beampattern, the lighting system 100 can provide a continuum of high-beamintensities from a low-beam setting in which only the low beams are onto a full high-beam setting in which the high beam is also on at amaximum intensity.

The dimming functionality of the light intensity of the head lamps 110,120 can be provided by using either mechanical means or throughelectrical means. The head lamps 110, 120 can have dynamic mechanicalmovement or they may include matrix or pixel sources.

The sensory cluster 130 includes one or more sensors used to detect aspeed and distance of a remote vehicle approaching the local vehicle. Invarious embodiments the sensory cluster can include a camera, a LiDARsensor, a radar sensor, or a sonar sensor, or any suitable sensor fordetecting speed and distance of a remote vehicle. Sensory data generatedby the various sensors in the sensory cluster 130 will be sent to thelighting controller 140 for processing.

The lighting controller 140 receives the sensory data generated in thesensory cluster 130 and processes this sensory data to detect anapproaching remote vehicle and identify the relative speed and distanceof the remote vehicle with respect to the local vehicle. The lightingcontroller 140 also provides control signals for the operation of theleft and right headlamps 110, 120 and the sensory cluster 130. Thelighting controller 140 is also connected to the memory 150 and can bothstore data to the memory 150 and retrieve data from the memory 150.

In various embodiments, the lighting controller 140 can be amicrocomputer, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a CPU, an ASIC, etc.It may also have an integrated memory in addition to or in place of thememory 150.

The memory 150. Includes one or both of a static or dynamic memory andis configured to store data and programming used by the lightingcontroller 140. In various embodiments, the memory can be SRAM, DRAM,PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, or any suitable memory element. Thememory 150 is not required in every embodiment.

Communication between the various elements in the lighting system, 100can include any suitable serial-based communication. For example, a CANcommunication protocol can also be used in one embodiment.

This disclosed lighting system 100 can perform the function of dimming alight intensity of the head lamps 110, 120 to avoid a dazzling effect onan approaching vehicle by gradually switching from a high-beam patternto a low-beam pattern. The lighting system 100 performs the dimming ofthe light intensity of the head lamps 110, 120 based on a relative speedand distance of the approaching vehicle with respect to the localvehicle. This gradual dimming function can be carried out through eitherelectrical or mechanical means.

Using the sensory cluster 130 and the lighting controller 140, thelighting system 100 can detect and measure the distance and relativespeed of an approaching remote vehicle. The lighting system 100 can thanvary the intensity of the light projected by the head lamps 110, 120based on the distance and relative speed of the approaching remotevehicle.

In addition, although the following discussion will consider a singleapproaching remote vehicle, there may be multiple approaching remotevehicles during the operation of the lighting system 100 in differentinstances. In such case, the lighting controller 140 can use the sensorydata from the sensory cluster 130 to determine the distance and relativespeed of each approaching remote vehicle and control the intensity ofthe light projected by the head lamps 110, 120 according to the data foreach remote vehicle.

Likewise, although the following discussion will consider remotevehicles approaching from the front, the system can also account forremote vehicles ahead of the local vehicle and moving in the samedirection or remote vehicles passing the local vehicle, thereby enteringthe area illuminated by the left and right head lamps 110, 120. In suchembodiments, the sensory cluster 130 can be configured to detect thepresence of a remote vehicle behind or to the side of the local vehicleas well as in front of the local vehicle and the lighting controller 140can use can use the sensory data from the sensory cluster 132 determinewhen and at what distance a remote vehicle will enter the field ofillumination projected by the lighting system 100 and/or whether adistance between a remote vehicle already in a field of illumination islikely to increase or decrease with respect to the local vehicle and atwhat speed. Based on this information, the lighting controller 140 canvary the intensity of light projected by the left and right head lamps110, 122 provide a desired level of light that will not inconveniencethe remote vehicle.

Similarly, although the following discussion refers to the detection ofremote vehicles immediately in front of the local vehicle, the lightingsystem 100 can also be configured to detect obstacles or pedestrianseither directly in front of the local vehicle or immediately adjacent tothe local vehicle (e.g., on the side of a road). In such an embodiment,the lighting system 100 can be configured to vary the intensity of lightprojected by the left and right head lamps 110, 120 so as not to providean undesirable intensity of light incident on the obstacles orpedestrians.

Head Lamps

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a head lamp 110, 120 of FIG. 1 according todisclosed embodiments. As shown in FIG. 2, the head lamp 110, 120includes a low-beam lamp 210, a high-beam lamp 220, a middle-range-beamlamp 230, and a search light 240.

The low-beam lamp 210 is a lighting element configured to project a lowbeam of light in front of the local vehicle in a low-beam pattern. Thislow-beam pattern is at an angle of projection and an intensity selectedso as not to dazzle a driver of a remote vehicle immediately in front ofthe local vehicle. The low beam represents a base illumination that isalways projected when the lighting system 100 is activated.

In the disclosed embodiment, the low beam lamp 210 is configured toproject the low beam in a low-beam zone in front of the local vehicle asa single projection of light. The low beam zone is arranged to cover theentire area in front of the local vehicle. In this way, the single lowbeam lamp 210 operates to project the entirety of the low beam in frontof the local vehicle.

The high-beam light 220 is a lighting element configured to project ahigh beam of light in front of the local vehicle in a high-beam pattern.This high-beam pattern is at an angle of projection and an intensitythat is higher than the low beam and therefore could potentially dazzlea driver of a remote vehicle immediately in front of the local vehicle.The high beam projected by the high-beam light 220 is projected inaddition to the low beam projected by the low-beam light to 210. Thelow-beam light 210 and the high-beam light 220 are configured such thatthe combination of the low beam and the maximum-intensity high beamprovide a desired amount of high-beam light for when no remote vehiclesare detected in front of the local vehicle.

The high-beam lamp 220 is further configured such that its intensity canbe varied from zero to a maximum intensity. In this way, the intensityof light projected by the head lamp 110, 120 can vary along a continuumfrom only the low-beam pattern up to a combination of the low-beampattern and the high-beam pattern (i.e., a full-intensity high beam).

In the disclosed embodiment, the high-beam lamp 220 is made up of amatrix of individual high-beam lamp elements that each project high-beamlight in a different high-beam zone in front of the local vehicle. Theindividual high-beam lamp elements are arranged such that together thezones they project light into cover the entire area in front of thelocal vehicle. Individual zones can overlap or not in differentembodiments.

By having a matrix of individual high-beam lamp elements, the head lamp110, 120 can control the high-beam light individually by zone. As aresult, the head lamp 110, 120 could project high-beam light in somezones, good project low-beam light in other zones, and could have adimming hi-beam light in other zones. This can allow a more granularcontrol of the high and low beams and allow for greater illumination infront of the local vehicle without danger of dazzling the driver of ononcoming remote vehicle.

The middle-range-beam lamp 230 may be included in the head lamp 110, 120and is a lighting element configured to project middle beam of light infront of the local vehicle in a middle-beam pattern. This middle-beampattern is at an angle of projection and an intensity that is higherthan the low beam, but lower than the high beam. As such, it couldpotentially dazzle a driver of a remote vehicle immediately in front ofthe local vehicle. However, since its intensity and angle of projectionare lower than that of the high beam, it can be used as an intermediatestep between the low beam and the high beam.

In the disclosed embodiment, the middle-beam lamp 230 is made up of amatrix of individual middle-beam lamp elements that each projectmiddle-beam light in a different middle-beam zone in front of the localvehicle. The individual middle-beam lamp elements are arranged such thattogether the zones they project light into cover the entire area infront of the local vehicle. Individual zones can overlap or not indifferent embodiments. These zones may be the same as the zones used bythe high-beam lamp 220 or may be different in various embodiments.

By having a matrix of individual middle-beam lamp elements, the headlamp 110, 120 can control the middle-beam light individually by zone. Asa result, the head lamp 110, 120 could project middle-beam light in somezones, project high-beam light in other zones, and project low-beamlight in still other zones. This can allow a more granular control ofthe high, middle, and low beams and allow for greater illuminationwithout danger of dazzling the driver of on oncoming remote vehicle.

The middle-beam lamp 230 is not required for all embodiments. Thefollowing discussion will consider an embodiment with only a low-beamlamp 210 and a high-beam lamp 220 for the sake of simplicity. Althoughnot discussed in detail, if a middle-beam lamp 230 is present, itsintensity can be controlled in a manner similar to how the intensity ofthe high-beam lamp 220 is controlled.

The search light 240 is configured to provide a powerful light in thefront of the local vehicle of either an intensity or angle of projectionbeyond what would be appropriate for even maximum high-beam light. Thesearch light 240 can be used in situations when the local vehicle is notmoving and the area in front of the local vehicle needs to beilluminated. The search light 240 need not be present in all embodiments

Operation of the Lighting System

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a head lamp 110, 120 in an ADB lighting system100 showing a low-beam pattern in a forward field of vision according todisclosed embodiments. As shown in FIG. 3, the head lamp 110, 120includes a low-beam lamp 210 and first through fifth high-beam lamps220A, 220B, 220C, 220D, 220E. Together, the first through fifthhigh-beam lamps 220A, 220B, 220C, 220D, 220E form a high-beam lamp 220.Although FIG. 3 discloses five individual high-beam lamps 220A, 220B,220C, 220D, 220E making up a high-beam lamp, this is by way of exampleonly. Alternate embodiments could have fewer or greater numbers ofindividual high-beam lamps. It is also possible that only a singlehigh-beam lamp could be used in some embodiments. For ease ofdisclosure, individual high-beam lamps 220A, 220B, 220C, 220D, 220E maybe generally referred as a high-beam lamps 220.

The low-beam lamp 210 projects low-beam light in a low-beam zone 310 infront of the local vehicle. This low-beam zone 310 covers an entirelight pattern field of in front of the local vehicle. The low-beam zone310 is contained entirely within a sensory cluster field of view thatrepresents an area in which the sensory cluster 130 can detect oncomingremote vehicles.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the head lamp 110, 120 in the lighting system 100of FIG. 3 showing a high-beam pattern in a forward field of visionaccording to disclosed embodiments. As shown in FIG. 4, the head lamp110, 120 includes a low-beam lamp 210, and first through fifth high-beamlamps 220A, 220B, 220C, 220D, 220E.

Each high-beam lamp 220A, 220B, 220C, 220D, 220E projects high-beamlight in a respective high-beam zone 410A, 410B, 410C, 410D, 410E infront of the local vehicle. The first high-beam lamp 220A projectshigh-beam light in a first high-beam zone 410A; the second high-beamlamp 220B projects high-beam light in a second high-beam zone 410B; thethird high-beam lamp 220C projects high-beam light in a third high-beamzone 410C; the fourth high-beam lamp 220D projects high-beam light in afourth high-beam zone 410D; and the fifth high-beam lamp 220E projectshigh-beam light in a fifth high-beam zone 410E. Together, the firstthrough fifth high-beam zones 410A, 410B, 410C, 410D, 410E cover theentire light pattern field of in front of the local vehicle. In theembodiment of FIG. 4, the first through fifth high-beam zones 410A,410B, 410C, 410D, 410E do not overlap but are each formed to cover thelight pattern field of view without overlapping. However, in alternateembodiments some or all the high-beam zones 410A, 410B, 410C, 410D, 410Ecould overlap. The first through fifth high-beam zones 410A, 410B, 410C,410D, 410E are contained entirely within the sensory cluster field ofview that represents an area in which the sensory cluster 130 can detectoncoming remote vehicles. For ease of disclosure, individual high-beamzones 410A, 410B, 410C, 410D, 410E may be generally referred as ahigh-beam zones 410.

Each high-beam lamp 220 is configured to controllably vary the intensityof the high-beam light that it projects in in its respective high-beamzone 410 in front of the local vehicle. In this way, the intensity ofhigh-beam light in each of the first through fifth zones 410A, 410B,410C, 410D, 410E can potentially be different. This allows the head lamp110, 120 to lessen the intensity of high-beam light in one zone 410,while maintaining high-beam light at a maximum intensity in other zones410. This can be useful when a remote vehicle is detected in fewer thanall the high-beam zones 410. In such a situation, the lightingcontroller 140 can control the head lamp 110, 122 lesson the high-beamlight in only the high-beam zones 410 in which the remote vehicle isdetected, while maintaining full-intensity high-beam light in anyhigh-beam zone 410 in which the remote vehicle is not detected. This canmaximize the amount of light projected in front of the local vehicle,while eliminating the danger of dazzling operator of the oncoming remotevehicle.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of a head lamp 110, 120 in a lighting system 100showing a high-beam pattern in a forward field of vision according toalternate disclosed embodiments. As shown in FIG. 5, the head lamp 110,120 includes a low-beam lamp 210, first through fifth high-beam lamps520A, 520B, 520C, 520D, 520E, and first through fifth lenses 540A, 540B,540C, 540D, 540E. For ease of disclosure, individual high-beam lamps520A, 520B, 520C, 520D, 520E may be generally referred as a high-beamlamps 520, and individual lenses 540A, 540B, 540C, 540D, 540E may begenerally referred to as lenses 540.

The low-beam lamp 210 operates as described above with respect to FIGS.3 and 4.

The first through fifth high-beam lamps 520A, 520B, 520C, 520D, 520Eoperate similar to the first through fifth high-beam lamps 220A, 220B,220C, 220D, 220E described above with respect to FIGS. 3 and 4. However,the first through fifth high-beam lamps 520A, 520B, 520C, 520D, 520E maybe eliminate the ability to vary the intensity of light projected fromthe first through fifth high-beam lamps 520A, 520B, 520C, 520D, 520E.Therefore, while they will still project light into the first throughfifth high-beam zones, respectively, each high-beam lamp 520 may onlyproject hi-beam of light at a maximum high-beam intensity.

The first through fifth lenses 540A, 540B, 540C, 540D, 540E are locatedin front of a respective first through fifth high-beam lamps 520A, 520B,520C, 520D, 520E and are each controlled to attenuate the intensity of arespective high-beam lamp 520. The attenuation of each lens 540 can becontrolled by the lighting controller 140. For example, the firstthrough fifth lenses 540A, 540B, 540C, 540D, 540E could be formed of anelectrochromic material whose transmissivity could be individuallycontrolled to pass all, some, or none of the light generated byrespective first through fifth high-beam lamps 520A, 520B, 520C, 520D,520E based on control signals from the lighting controller 140.

In this way, the intensity of light projected into the first throughfifth high-beam zones can be controlled by controlling the fifth lenses540A, 540B, 540C, 540D, 540E. This allows for the use of a simplerdesign for each of the first through fifth high-beam lamps 520A, 520B,520C, 520D, 520E, since it will not be necessary for the first throughfifth high-beam lamps 520A, 520B, 520C, 520D, 520E to be configured suchthat their intensity can be varied. In this embodiment, it is possibleto employ high-beam lamps 520 that can only project light at a single,maximum intensity.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of the head lamp 110, 120 in the lighting system 100of FIG. 3 showing an approaching remote vehicle 610 detected in aforward light pattern field of view according to disclosed embodiments.As shown in FIG. 6, the head lamp 110, 120 includes a low-beam lamp 210,and first through fifth high-beam lamps 220A, 220B, 220C, 220D, 220E.

The low-beam lamp 210 and the first through fifth high-beam lamps 220A,220B, 220C, 220D, 220E operate as described above with respect to FIGS.3 and 4. As noted, the first through fifth high-beam lamps 220A, 220B,220C, 220D, 220E project high-beam light into first through fifthhigh-beam zones 410A, 410B, 410C, 410D, 410E, respectively.

The remote vehicle 610 appears in the light pattern field of view onlyin a first high-beam zone 410A. The sensory cluster 130 in FIG. 1detects the approaching remote vehicle 610, identifies which zone orzones 410 the remote vehicle 610 is in, determines a distance from theremote vehicle 610 to the local vehicle, and determines the speed of theremote vehicle 610 with respect to the local vehicle. The sensorycluster 130 then reports this information to the lighting controller140, which can control operation of the first through fifth high-beamlamps 220A, 220B, 220C, 220D, 220E. Specifically, the lightingcontroller 140 can reduce the intensity of the first high-beam lamp 220Aas the remote vehicle 610 approaches the local vehicle.

Although FIG. 6 discloses the remote vehicle 610 being only in the firsthigh-beam zone 410A, this is by way of example only. The remote vehicle610 could be detected in multiple high-beam zones 410 at the same time.In such a situation, the lighting controller 140 would reduce theintensity of the high-beam lamps 220 shining in those zones 410 andmaintain the intensity of the high-beam lamps 220 shining in other zones410 at a maximum intensity.

Likewise, if the sensory cluster 130 detected the vehicle 610 movinginto a new high-beam zone 410, it would reduce the intensity of thehigh-beam lamp 220 in that zone 410. Similarly, if the sensory cluster130 detected the vehicle 610 moving out of one of the high-beam zones410, it would increase the intensity of the high-beam lamp 220 in thatzone 410 back to a maximum intensity.

Gradual Reduction of High Beam Intensity

FIGS. 7 and 8 show an adaptive driving beam (ADB) operation by which theintensity of a high-beam lamp 220 can be reduced gradually as a remotevehicle 610 approaches the local vehicle.

FIG. 7 is a graph of a distance 710 of an approaching vehicle withrespect to a local vehicle over time according to disclosed embodiments.FIG. 8 is a graph of a light intensity 810 of a high-beam lamp 220 in alighting system 100 over time according to disclosed embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 7, the distance of the remote vehicle 610 to the localvehicle varies from a detection distance D_(D) at a point of detectionto a meeting distance D_(M) at a point immediately adjacent to the localvehicle. Specifically, the distance 710 of the remote vehicle 610 willtypically get smaller as the remote vehicle 610 approaches the localvehicle. The meeting distance D_(M) is not a distance of zero but is aminimum distance at which the remote vehicle 610 is consideredimmediately adjacent to the local vehicle.

FIG. 7 shows the distance 710 varying in a linear manner from thedetection distance D_(D) at a detection time T_(D) to the meetingdistance D_(M) at a meeting time T_(M). However, this is by way ofexample only. The actual shape of the curve for the distance 710 couldvary significantly based on the behavior of the remote vehicle 610. Forexample, the speed of the remote vehicle 610 might not remain constant,in which case the curve for the distance 710 would not be linear.However, given that a common situation is two vehicles approaching eachother on a road, it remains likely that the curve for the distance 710will be a continually declining function.

Furthermore, given that the future behavior of the remote vehicle 610 isunknowable at any given time, the future shape of the curve for thedistance 710 and therefore the meeting time T_(M) at which the remotevehicle 610 will reach the meeting distance D_(M) is unknowable. As aresult, the lighting controller 140 will be configured to estimate themeeting time T_(M) based on an estimated function for the curve of thedistance 710 from the remote vehicle 610 to the local vehicle.

At the initial point of detection T_(D), the lighting controller 140might assume that the curve of the distance 710 is linear. However, asthe lighting controller 140 receives additional sensory data from thesensory cluster 130, it may refine its estimate of the behavior of thecurve of the distance 710 to a more complex function based on thedetected acceleration of the remote vehicle.

As shown in FIG. 8, the lighting controller 140 begins the ADB processas soon as a remote vehicle 610 is detected at a detection distanceD_(D) by controlling the intensity of a high-beam lamp 220 such that itwill be lowered from a high-beam intensity I_(HB) down to a low-beamintensity I_(LB) prior to the expected time that the remote vehicle 610will move from the detection distance D_(D) to the meeting distanceD_(M). As used in this discussion, the high-beam intensity I_(HB)represents an intensity in which the low-beam lamp 210 is transmittingand the high-beam lamp 220 is transmitting at maximum intensity, and thelow-beam intensity I_(LB) represents an intensity in which the low-beamlamp 210 is transmitting and the high-beam lamp 220 is not transmittingat all (i.e., is at zero intensity).

Specifically, the lighting controller 140 operates to control therelevant high-beam lamp 220 to reduce its intensity from the high-beamintensity I_(HB) to the low-beam intensity I_(LB) from the detectiontime T_(D) to a zero-intensity time T_(ZI) that is prior to the meetingtime T_(M). The first time duration ΔT₁ represent the time from thedetection time T_(D) to the zero-intensity time T_(ZI), and the secondtime duration ΔT₂ represent the time from the zero-intensity time T_(ZI)to the meeting time T_(M). Thus, there will be a second time durationΔT₂ between the zero-intensity time T_(ZI) and the meeting time T_(M)during which the high-beam lamp is at zero intensity (i.e., off).

Setting the zero-intensity time T_(ZI) to be before the meeting timeT_(M) ensures that the high-beam lamp 220 will be fully off for sometime (ΔT₂ below) before the remote vehicle 610 gets close enough to thelocal vehicle for the high-beam light to dazzle the driver of the remotevehicle 610. It also avoids rapid changes in light intensity and allowsfor a maximum amount of light shining in front of the local vehicle whenallowable.

Once the remote vehicle 610 reaches the meeting distance D_(M) at themeeting time T_(M), it will presumably pass the local vehicle and exitthe sensor cluster field of view. Assuming this happens and that thereare no other remote vehicles 610 remaining in the sensor cluster fieldof view, the lighting controller 140 will then instruct the high-beamlamp 220 to gradually increase its high-beam intensity such that theoutput of the head lamp will rise from the low-beam intensity I_(LB) tothe high-beam intensity I_(HB). The lighting controller 140 achievesthis by turning the associated high-beam lamp 220 on and graduallyincreasing its intensity from a minimum intensity to a maximum intensityover a third time duration ΔT₃ from the meeting time T_(M) to afull-intensity time T_(FI).

In the disclosed embodiment the third time duration ΔT₃ is smaller thanboth the first time duration ΔT₁ and the second time duration ΔT₂.However, this is by way of example only. Different embodiments can varythe first, second, and third time durations ΔT₁, ΔT₂, ΔT₃ as desired toachieve a desired level of performance.

Since the meeting time T_(M) depends upon the speed of the remotevehicle 610, an estimate of the meeting time T_(M) by the lightingcontroller 140 may also change over time. As a result, the values forthe first and second time durations ΔT₁, ΔT₂ may also vary over time.The first and second time durations ΔT₁, ΔT₂ may be set as fixed timesor may be calculated as percentage values. For example, the value of oneof the first and second time durations ΔT₁, ΔT₂, might be fixed with theother one being equal to the meeting time T_(M) minus the other of thefirst and second time durations ΔT₁, ΔT₂. In the alternative, the secondtime duration ΔT₂ could be fixed to allow for a guaranteed minimumdistance at which the low-beam intensity I_(LB) would be achieved.Likewise, the first and second time durations ΔT₁, ΔT₂ could be set tobe percentages of the time (T_(M)−T_(D)).

The control of light intensity described above with respect to FIG. 8can be done for the entire high-beam lamp 220 or for only the individualhigh-beam lamps 220 corresponding to zones 410 in which the sensorycluster 130 detects the remote vehicle 610.

Furthermore, the control of the intensity of the an associated high-beamlamp 220 depends on the sensory data provided by the sensory cluster130. As circumstances change based on this sensory data, the lightingcontroller 140 would adjust the operation of the high-beam lampaccordingly.

For example, during the approach of the remote vehicle 610 to the localvehicle the remote vehicle 610 might leave the sensory cluster field ofview altogether, leaving no other remote vehicles 610 in the sensorycluster field of view. This might happen if the remote vehicle 610 turnsoff of the road in front of the local vehicle. In this case, thelighting controller 140 would immediately cause the associated high-beamlamp 220 to increase its intensity from its current point to maximumintensity, similar to how it is shown in the third time duration ΔT₃.

Likewise, when the closest detected remote vehicle 610 reaches themeeting distance D_(M) and passes the local vehicle, there may be otherremote vehicles 610 detected in the same high-beam zone 410. In thiscase, the lighting controller 140 could instruct the high-beam lamp 220to maintain its zero intensity until a point at which no remote vehicles610 remain in the associated high-beam zone 410, at which point it wouldthen instruct the high-beam lamp 220 to gradually increase its intensityuntil it reached full intensity, as shown in the third time durationΔT₃.

In addition, since the operation of an approaching remote vehicle 610may change over time, the sensory cluster 130 can continually monitorthe distance and speed of the remote vehicle 610 as well as whichhigh-beam zones 410 the remote vehicle is in. The lighting controller140 can use the updated sensory data from the sensory cluster 130 toperiodically adjust the operation of the individual high-beam lamps 220.For example, the lighting controller 140 could instruct a high-beam lamp220 to speed up or slow down the reduction of intensity from the maximumintensity to the minimum intensity if the speed of the remote vehicle610 changes. Likewise, the lighting controller 140 could stop reducingintensity in one zone 410 and if the sensory cluster 130 detects theremote vehicle 610 leaving a high-beam zone 410 and can start reducingintensity in another zone 410 if the sensory cluster 130 detects theremote vehicle 610 entering a new zone 410.

Furthermore, although FIG. 8 shows that the reduction of the intensityof a selected high-beam lamp 220 is linear, this is by way of exampleonly. The function of declining intensity of the high-beam lamp can beany function of the detected distance between the remote vehicle 610 andthe local vehicle and the detected speed of the remote vehicle 610 withrespect to the local vehicle.

The control function or control action (AC) of the high-beam lamps inthe disclosed ADB system is a metric of the reduction of intensity perdistance reduction between the two vehicles. The control action (AC) isdefined generally as a metric in Equation (1):AC=f _(dim)(V _(R) ,D _(R)),  (1)

where AC is the control action for the light intensity dimmingoperation, V_(R) is the relative speed of the remote vehicle 610 withrespect to the local vehicle, and D_(R) is the distance between theremote vehicle 610 and the local vehicle.

The control action (AC) is extended over each component or an associatedsource of a lighting matrix. For example, if light-emitting diodes(LEDs) are used in the high-beam lamps 220 and there are n LEDs in amatrix for a single-sided lamp, the equation for the first LED would be:AC ¹ =f _(dim)(V _(R) ¹ ,D _(R) ¹),  (2)

and the equation for the n^(th) LED would be:AC ^(n) =f _(dim)(V _(R) ^(n) ,D _(R) ^(n))  (2)

The resistance value change for controlling the n^(th) LED is theControl Action (AC). Thus, the complete light pattern at a time instancet after the detection of the remote vehicle 610 in a forward lightingfield of view can be shown as:

$\begin{matrix}{\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}{A\;{C^{i}.}}} & (4)\end{matrix}$

Control of the Head Lamps

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an ADB lighting system 900 having right andleft head lamps 920, 925 according to disclosed embodiments. As shown inFIG. 9, the lighting system 900 includes left and right lamp drivers910, 915, left and right head lamps 920, 925, a sensory cluster 930, alighting controller 940, and a memory 950. The sensory cluster 930includes first through N^(th) sensors 935A, 935B, . . . 935N.

In this disclosed embodiment the left and right head lamps 920, 925 eachhave four lighting circuits to provide light. These lighting circuitscould be LED circuits, incandescent lighting circuits, or any othersuitable lighting circuit. FIG. 9 shows a simplified version of the headlamps 920, 925 used in an exemplary fashion to show how the lightingsystem 900 operates. Actual head lamps 920, 925 could have a much largernumber of light circuits, with a corresponding number of select linesand control signals.

The left and right lamp drivers 910, 915 operate to provide controlsignals to the left and right head lamps 920, 925 based on select linesreceived from the lighting controller 940. These control signals controlthe operation of the light circuits inside the head lamps 920, 925. Ifthere are N control signals being generated by the lamp drivers 910,915, then the lamp drivers 910, 915 must each receive at least log₂Nselect signals from the lighting controller 940, rounded up. In otherwords, N select signals allow the lamp drivers 910, 915 to each generateup to 2^(N) control signals.

The control signals provided by the lamp drivers 910, 915 indicate whichlight circuits in the head lamps 920, 925 should be activated and atwhat intensity they should be activated. In this way, the intensity oflight output from the head lamps 920, 925 can be controlled.Furthermore, if individual light circuits shine on different high-beamzones, the lamp drivers 910, 915 can control the intensity of high-beamlight separately for each different high-beam zone.

The left and right head lamps 920, 925 operate similarly to the left andright head lamps 110, 120 described above with respect to FIG. 1.However, FIG. 9 adds the additional detail that each head lamp 920, 925in this embodiment includes four light circuits (not shown) controlledby four control signals. As noted above, the operation status andintensity of each light circuit is controlled separately by controlsignals received from a respective lamp driver 910, 915.

Although not explicitly shown in FIG. 9, the head lamps 920, 925 in thisembodiment would each have a low-beam lamp 210 and one or more high-beamlamps 220, as described above with respect to FIG. 2. These elementswould operate as described above.

The sensory cluster 930 operates similarly to the sensory cluster 130described above with respect to FIG. 1. However, FIG. 9 provides moredetail with respect to the configuration of the sensory cluster 930.Specifically, the sensory cluster 930 includes the first through N^(th)sensors 935A, 935B, . . . 935N. These sensors can be the same type ofsensors or different sensors in various embodiments. For example, therecould be separate sensors for each high-beam zone. Alternatively, therecould be different types of sensors that cover the entire sensorycluster field of view but provide different sensory data. Regardless,the sensors 935 are configured to provide various sensory data regardingthe sensor cluster field of view that allows the lighting controller 940to detect an approaching remote vehicle 610, identify which zone orzones the remote vehicle 610 is in, determine the distance from theremote vehicle 610 to the local vehicle, and determine the speed of theremote vehicle 610 with respect to the local vehicle.

In various embodiments the sensory cluster can include a camera, a LiDARsensor, a radar sensor, or a sonar sensor, though this is by way ofexample only. In alternate embodiments the sensory cluster 930 can haveany kind of sensor 935 required to provide sensory data that allows thelighting controller 940 to make the above determinations about a remotevehicle.

Although the above description focuses on detecting remote vehicles 610in the forward light pattern field of view, alternate embodiments couldinclude sensors 935 that detect remote vehicles 610 in fields of viewbehind the local vehicle or to the sides of the local vehicle. Thissensor information could assist the lighting controller 940 indetermining whether a remote vehicle 610 is likely to enter the forwardlight pattern field of view and prepare accordingly.

Likewise, the sensory cluster 930 could have sensors 935 configured todetect pedestrians or obstacles proximate to the local vehicle. In suchan embodiment, the lighting controller 940 could be configured to reducethe intensity of high-beam light in any high-beam zone that wouldpotentially dazzle a pedestrian or prove a hazard to any obstacle.

The lighting controller 940 operates similarly to the lightingcontroller 140 described above with respect to FIG. 1. Specifically, thelighting controller 940 receives sensory data from the sensors 935 inthe sensory cluster 930 and uses this data to provide the controlsignals to the lamp drivers 910, 920 based on the presence of anapproaching remote vehicle 610, a high-beam zone or zones the remotevehicle 610 is in, the distance from the remote vehicle 610 to the localvehicle, and the speed of the remote vehicle 610 with respect to thelocal vehicle.

The lighting controller 940 is also connected to the memory 950 and canboth store data to the memory 950 and retrieve data from the memory 950.

In various embodiments, the lighting controller 940 can be amicrocomputer, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a CPU, an ASIC, etc.It may also have an integrated memory in addition to or in place of thememory 950.

The memory 950 operates similarly to the memory 150 described above withrespect to FIG. 1. The memory 950. Includes one or both of a static ordynamic memory and is configured to store data and programming used bythe lighting controller 140. In various embodiments, the memory can beSRAM, DRAM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, or any suitable memoryelement. The memory 950 is not required in every embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a diagram of a portion 1000 of the ADB lighting system 900 ofFIG. 9 showing control of a single head lamp 920, 925 according todisclosed embodiments. As shown in FIG. 10, the portion 1000 of thelighting system 900 includes a lamp driver 910, 915, a head lamp 920,925, and a power source 1050. The head lamp 920, 925 includes aplurality of switches 1030A, 1030B, 1030C, 1030D (switches 1030 for easeof disclosure) and a plurality of corresponding light emitting diodes(LEDs) 1040A, 1040B, 1040C, 1040D (LEDs 1040 for ease of disclosure).

The lamp driver 910, 915 operates as noted above in the discussion ofFIG. 9. More specifically, the lamp driver 910, 915 receives power fromthe power source 1050 and select lines from the lighting controller 940and generates control signals for the LEDs 1040 based on the receivedpower and select lines. These control signals provide a current toactivate the various LEDs 1040. The current level of the control signalswill determine the intensity of light generated by a selected LED 1040.A full current will result in a maximum intensity of generated light,while a lower current will result in a correspondingly lower intensityof generated light, until the current is low enough that the LED 1040 nolonger generates any light (i.e., a minimum intensity of generatedlight).

The head lamp 920, 925 generates high-beam light from the LEDs 1040based on the control signals generated by the lamp driver 910, 915.Thus, the LEDs 1040 form part of a high-beam lamp within the head lamp920, 925.

Each LED 1040 is separately controlled so the light generated by thehead lamp 920, 925 can vary significantly, particularly in differenthigh-beam zones. For example, the lamp driver 910, 915 could providecontrol signals that cause the first, second, and fourth LEDs 1040A,1040B, 1040D to generate full intensity light and provide a controlsignal that causes the third LED 1040C to slowly reduce its generatedlight intensity over time.

Although not explicitly shown in FIG. 10, the head lamps 920, 925 inthis embodiment would also have a low-beam lamp 210 provided to generatelow-beam light in a light pattern field of view, as described above withrespect to FIGS. 2 and 3.

The power source 1050 is connected to the lamp driver 910, 915 andprovides the power required to activate the LEDs 1040. The power source1050 could be a battery, an alternator, or any suitable device forproviding power in a vehicle.

The plurality of switches 1030 are connected between the lamp driver910, 915 and corresponding LEDs 1040. Each switch 1030 can be opened bycontrols from the lamp driver 910, 915 or the lighting controller 940 toimmediately shut off the corresponding LED 1040 and in doing soimmediately turn off the high-beam light generated by that LED 1040.This provides a way for the lighting controller 940 to provide animmediate shut down of a portion of the high beam generated by the headlamp 920, 925 if necessary.

The plurality of LEDs 1040 operate as a part of a high-beam lamp andilluminate one or more high-beam zones in the light pattern field ofview based on the control signals received from the lamp driver 910,915. The LEDs 1040 are configured such that they emit a variable amountof light depending upon the size of the current provided to them. Inthis way, each LED 1040 can be individually controlled to provide adifferent intensity of high-beam light to a corresponding high-beamzone.

Although FIG. 10 shows the use of LEDs 1040, these could be replaced inan alternate embodiment by any light circuit that could be controlled toemit a variable amount of light. Likewise, although FIG. 10 shows forLEDs 1040, this is by way of example only. Alternate embodiments couldemploy more or fewer LEDs 1040.

Some embodiments can also include a power-up bit testing circuit thatperiodically checks the functional health of the LEDs 1040.

Method of Controlling High-Beam Light

FIG. 11 is a flowchart describing the operation of an adaptive drivingbeam (ADB) lighting system according to disclosed embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 11, operation begins by activating a sensory cluster(1105). The sensory cluster includes one or more sensors that can detectan approaching remote vehicle, determine the speed of the remote vehiclewith respect to the local vehicle, and determine the distance of theremote vehicle from the local vehicle. The sensory cluster could includea camera, a LiDAR sensor, a radar sensor, a sonar sensor, or anysuitable sensor for detecting the vehicle, its relative speed, and itsdistance.

A high-beam lamp is then turned on to shine high-beam light in the lightpattern field of view in front of the local vehicle (1110). In manyembodiments full high-beam illumination is achieved by having a low-beamlamp shine low-beam light in the light pattern field of view and havethe high-beam lamp shine the high-beam light in the light pattern fieldof view in addition to the low-beam light. The combination of thelow-beam light and the high-beam light results in full high-beamillumination. In such embodiments the low-beam lamp will already be onwhen the high-beam lamp is activated, or the low-beam lamp will beactivated concurrently with the high-beam lamp.

The sensory cluster then operates to continually detect whether a remotevehicle enters a sensory cluster field of view in front of the localvehicle (1115) and in doing so determine whether a remote vehicle isdetected (1120).

If no remote vehicle is detected, the system simply continues to use thesensory cluster to detect a remote vehicle (1110) and determine if aremote vehicle has been detected (1115).

If, however, a remote vehicle is detected, the lighting systemdetermines a distance from the local vehicle to the remote vehicle(1125) and determines a velocity of the remote vehicle with respect tothe local vehicle (1130).

The lighting system then estimates a meeting time T_(M) at which theremote vehicle will be at a minimum distance from the local vehiclebased on the determined relative velocity of the remote vehicle withrespect to the local vehicle and the distance from the remote vehicle tothe local vehicle (1135). In one embodiment, the lighting system canassume that the speed of the remote vehicle will remain constant anddivide distance by speed to obtain an estimate of the meeting timeT_(M). However, alternate embodiments can base the estimate of themeeting time T_(M) on multiple values of speed and distance collectedover time using a more nuanced calculation using a more nuanced formula.

The lighting system then determines a zero-intensity target time T_(ZI)at which the intensity of the high-beam lamp should drop to zero (1140).This zero-intensity target time T_(ZI) will be before the estimatedmeeting time T_(M) by a certain time interval. In some embodiments thetime interval can be a fixed value; in other embodiments the timeinterval can be a function of the estimated meeting time T_(M) and acurrent time. For example, the time interval could be a percentage ofthe time between the current time and the estimated meeting time T_(M).

The lighting system then determines an intensity function for thehigh-beam lamp that starts at full intensity (or a current intensity ifthe high-beam lamp is not currently at full intensity) and drops to zerointensity at the zero-intensity target time T_(ZI) (1145). In someembodiments this can be as simple as a linear relationship. Alternateembodiments can use more complicated functions of the detected relativespeed and distance to achieve this result. For example, the functioncould be hyperbolic, stepwise, or any complex function, as desired.

Once the function is determined, the lighting system then reduces theintensity of the high-beam lamp by an incremental intensity ΔI based onthe intensity function (1150). In some embodiments the incrementalintensity ΔI will remain constant throughout the entire operation. Inother embodiments the incremental intensity ΔI can be a dynamic valuethat is repeatedly adjusted during operation. If the incrementalintensity ΔI is adjusted, it can be adjusted based on time, distance,relative speed, or any desirable measurement or variable, as well as acombination of such values. The value ΔI is determined such that thehigh-beam intensity will drop to zero by the zero-intensity target timeT_(ZI)

After reducing the high-beam intensity by the incremental intensity ΔI,the lighting system will wait a delay time ΔT (1155). This allows thesensory cluster to update the values for relative speed and distance.

After the delay time ΔT, the lighting system will determine whether thecurrent time is equal to the zero-intensity target time T_(ZI) (1160).The zero-intensity target time T_(ZI) is the time at which the intensityof the high-beam lamp should be at zero intensity (i.e., off).

If the current time is not equal to the zero-intensity target timeT_(ZI), then the lighting system will again reduce the high-beamintensity by the incremental intensity ΔI (1150), wait the delay time ΔT(1155), and determine whether the current time is equal to thezero-intensity target time T_(ZI) (1160). Although not explicitlystated, if the incremental intensity ΔI is a dynamic value, thisoperation can include updating the value for the incremental intensityΔI.

If the current time is equal to the zero-intensity target time T_(ZI),then the lighting system will maintain the high-beam lamp in an offstatus until the meeting time T_(M) (1165) and then gradually increasethe high-beam intensity from zero back to full intensity from themeeting time T_(M) to a full-intensity time T_(R) after the meeting timeT_(M) (1170).

Although not shown in FIG. 11, the lighting system can also turn off thehigh-beam lamp after the time reaches the zero-intensity target timeT_(ZI) if for some reason the high-beam lamp is still on when thecurrent time reaches the zero-intensity target time T_(ZI).

Furthermore, the lighting system can also make a further determinationas to whether the initially detected remote vehicle or another remotevehicle is in the light pattern field of view prior to increasing thehigh-beam intensity back to a full value (1170). In this way thelighting system can keep itself from turning the high beams back on whenthere is still a remote vehicle close enough to the local vehicle thatan operator could be dazzled by high-beam light.

FIGS. 12A and 12B show a flowchart describing the operation of anadaptive driving beam (ADB) lighting system according to alternatedisclosed embodiments. Operations with the same reference number inFIGS. 12A and 12B operate the same as described above with respect tothe method of FIG. 11.

As shown in FIG. 12A, operation begins with activating a sensory cluster(1105).

First and second high-beam lamps are then turned on to shine high-beamlight into first and second zones, respectively, in a light patternfield of view in front of the local vehicle (1210). In many embodimentsfull high-beam illumination is achieved by having a low-beam lamp shinelow-beam light in the entire light pattern field of view and having thefirst and second high-beam lamps shine the high-beam light in the firstand second zones of the light pattern field of view in addition to thelow-beam light. The combination of the low-beam light and the high-beamlight results in full high-beam illumination. In such embodiments thelow-beam lamp will already be on when the high-beam lamp is activated orthe low-beam lamp will be activated concurrently with the high-beamlamp.

The sensory cluster then operates to continually detect whether a remotevehicle enters a sensory cluster field of view in front of the localvehicle (1115) and in doing so determines whether a remote vehicle isdetected (1120). The sensory cluster will also be able to identify inwhich of a plurality of zones the remote vehicle is located in a lightpattern field of view in front of the local vehicle.

If no remote vehicle is detected, the system simply continues to use thesensory cluster to detect a remote vehicle (1110) and determine if aremote vehicle has been detected (1115).

If, however, a remote vehicle is detected, the lighting system thendetermines whether the remote vehicle is in a first zone or a secondzone (1220). This can be accomplished based on sensory data gathered bythe sensory cluster. It is also possible that the remote vehicle will bedetected in both zones in some situations. For example, the remotevehicle could straddle the border between the first and second zone.

The lighting system then determines a distance from the local vehicle tothe remote vehicle (1125) and determines a velocity of the remotevehicle with respect to the local vehicle (1130).

The lighting system then estimates a meeting time T_(M) at which theremote vehicle will be at a minimum distance from the local vehiclebased on the determined relative velocity of the remote vehicle withrespect to the local vehicle and the distance from the remote vehicle tothe local vehicle (1135).

The lighting system then determines a zero-intensity target time T_(ZI)at which the intensity of the high-beam lamp should drop to zero (1140).

The lighting system then determines an intensity function for ahigh-beam lamp that starts at full intensity (or a current intensity ifthe high-beam lamp is not currently at full intensity) and drops to zerointensity at the zero-intensity target time T_(ZI) (1145).

The lighting system then identifies which zone the remote vehicle is in(1240). If the remote vehicle is in both the first and the second zone,the method will simply pursue both the operations relating to the remotevehicle being in the first zone and the operations relating to theremote vehicle being in the second zone.

If the remote vehicle is determined to be in the first zone, thelighting system then reduces the intensity of the first high-beam lampassociated with the first zone by an incremental intensity ΔI based onthe intensity function (1250). In some embodiments the incrementalintensity ΔI will remain constant throughout the entire operation. Inother embodiments the incremental intensity ΔI can be a dynamic valuethat is repeatedly adjusted during operation. If the incrementalintensity ΔI is adjusted, it can be adjusted based on time, distance,relative speed, or any desirable measurement or variable, as well as acombination of such values.

After reducing the first high-beam intensity by the incrementalintensity ΔI, the lighting system will wait a delay time ΔT (1260). Thisallows the sensory cluster to update the values for relative speed anddistance.

After the delay time ΔT, the lighting system will determine whether thecurrent time is equal to the zero-intensity target time T_(ZI) (1170).The zero-intensity target time T_(ZI) is the time at which the intensityof the high-beam lamp should be at zero intensity (i.e., off).

If the current time is not equal to the zero-intensity target timeT_(ZI), then the lighting system will again reduce the first high-beamintensity by the incremental intensity ΔI (1250), wait the delay time ΔT(1260), and determine whether the time is equal to the zero-intensitytarget time T_(ZI) (1270). Although not explicitly stated, if theincremental intensity ΔI is a dynamic value, this operation can includeupdating the value for the incremental intensity ΔI.

If the current time is equal to the zero-intensity target time T_(ZI),then the lighting system will maintain the first high-beam lamp in anoff status until the meeting time T_(M) (1280) and then graduallyincrease the first high-beam intensity from zero back to full intensityfrom the meeting time T_(M) to a full-intensity time T_(FI) after themeeting time T_(M) (1290).

If the remote vehicle is determined to be in the second zone, thelighting system then reduces the intensity of the second high-beam lampassociated with the second zone by the incremental intensity ΔI (1255).In some embodiments the incremental intensity ΔI will remain constantthroughout the entire operation. In other embodiments the incrementalintensity ΔI can be a dynamic value that is repeatedly adjusted duringoperation. If the incremental intensity ΔI is adjusted, it can beadjusted based on time, distance, relative speed, or any desirablemeasurement or variable, as well as a combination of such values.

After reducing the second high-beam intensity by the incrementalintensity ΔI, the lighting system will wait a delay time ΔT (1265). Thisallows the sensory cluster to update the values for relative speed anddistance.

After the delay time ΔT, the lighting system will determine whether thecurrent time is equal to the zero-intensity target time T_(ZI) (1175).

If the current time is not equal to the zero-intensity target timeT_(ZI), then the lighting system will again reduce the second high-beamintensity by the incremental intensity ΔI (1255), wait the delay time ΔT(1265), and determine whether the time is equal to the zero-intensitytarget time T_(ZI) (1275). Although not explicitly stated, if theincremental intensity ΔI is a dynamic value, this operation can includeupdating the value for the incremental intensity ΔI.

If the current time is equal to the zero-intensity target time T_(ZI),then the lighting system will maintain the second high-beam lamp in anoff status until the meeting time T_(M) (1280) and then graduallyincrease the second high-beam intensity from zero back to full intensityfrom the meeting time T_(M) to a full-intensity time T_(FI) after themeeting time T_(M) (1290).

In situations in which the remote vehicle is in both the first zone andthe second zone, the operations of controlling the first high-beamintensity (1250, 1260, 1270, 1280, 1290) and operations of controllingthe second high-beam intensity (1255, 1265, 1275, 1285, 1295) may beperformed in parallel.

Although the method of FIGS. 12A and 12B discloses the use of twohigh-beam lamps shining light in two zones, this is by way of exampleonly. Alternate embodiments can employ three or more high-beam lampsilluminating three or more associated zones.

Typically, the total number of zones used will cover the entire lightpattern field of view. In different embodiments, these zones mayoverlap, or may each cover a unique area. Likewise, in differentembodiments, the size of the zones may be uniform (i.e., each zone isthe same size) or variable (i.e., different zones have different sizes).

If more than two zones are used for shining high-beam light, theoperation of determining whether the remote vehicle is in a first zoneor a second zone (1220) will be modified to determine which of the threeor more zones the remote vehicle is it. Similarly, a process ofcontrolling the high-beam intensity each additional zone will be added.These processes will be comparable to the disclosed processes forcontrolling the high-beam intensity in the first and second zones.

CONCLUSION

This disclosure is intended to explain how to fashion and use variousembodiments in accordance with the invention rather than to limit thetrue, intended, and fair scope and spirit thereof. The foregoingdescription is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the inventionto the precise form disclosed. Modifications or variations are possiblein light of the above teachings. The embodiment(s) was chosen anddescribed to provide the best illustration of the principles of theinvention and its practical application, and to enable one of ordinaryskill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments andwith various modifications as are suited to the particular usecontemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scopeof the invention as determined by the appended claims, as may be amendedduring the pendency of this application for patent, and all equivalentsthereof, when interpreted in accordance with the breadth to which theyare fairly, legally, and equitably entitled. The various circuitsdescribed above can be implemented in discrete circuits or integratedcircuits, as desired by implementation.

What is claimed is:
 1. A lighting system for a local vehicle,comprising: a head lamp including a low-beam lamp configured to shinelow-beam light in a first of zone adjacent to the local vehicle, a firsthigh-beam lamp configured to shine first high-beam light in the firstzone adjacent to the local vehicle, and a second high-beam lampconfigured to shine second high-beam light in a second zone adjacent tothe local vehicle, the second zone being different from the first zone;a sensory cluster configured to detect a remote vehicle proximate to thelocal vehicle, the sensory cluster including a distance sensorconfigured to determine a distance of the remote vehicle from the localvehicle, and a velocity sensor configured to determine a velocity of theremote vehicle with respect to the local vehicle; and a lightingcontroller configured to determine a minimum-distance target time whenthe remote vehicle will reach a minimum distance from the local vehiclebased on the distance of the remote vehicle and the velocity of theremote vehicle, and configured to control the operation of the firsthigh-beam lamp based on the distance of the remote vehicle and thevelocity of the remote vehicle, wherein the sensory cluster is furtherconfigured to determine an identified zone from the first and secondzones in which the remote vehicle is located, and the lightingcontroller is further configured to control the operation of the firstand second high-beam lamps based on the minimum-distance time and thetarget zone, and the identified zone.
 2. The lighting system of claim 1,wherein the lighting controller is further configured to incrementallyreduce a first light intensity of the first high-beam lamp from amaximum intensity to zero intensity from a detection time at which thesensory cluster detects the remote vehicle to an off-time prior to theminimum-distance time, and maintain a second light intensity of thesecond high-beam lamp at a maximum intensity.
 3. The lighting system ofclaim 1, further comprising a first lens configured to pass the firsthigh-beam light from the first high-beam lamp to the first zone; and asecond lens configured to pass the second high-beam light from thesecond high-beam lamp to the second zone, wherein each of the first andsecond lenses is configured to selectively and independently alter itslight transmissivity to between 0% and 100%, and the lighting controlleris further configured to individually control the light transmissivityof the first and second lenses based on the minimum-distance time, thetarget zone, and the identified zone.
 4. A method of controlling alighting system for a local vehicle, comprising: turning on a firsthigh-beam lamp in the local vehicle, the first high beam shining a firsthigh-beam light into a first zone adjacent to the local vehicle;detecting a remote vehicle proximate to the local vehicle at a detectiontime; determining a distance between the local vehicle and the remotevehicle; determining a velocity of the remote vehicle with respect tothe local vehicle; estimating a minimum-distance time when the remotevehicle will be at a minimum distance from the local vehicle using thedistance between the local vehicle and the remote vehicle and velocityof the remote vehicle with respect to the local vehicle; determining azero-intensity time that is before the minimum-distance time;determining an intensity function that starts at full intensity at thedetection time and drops to zero intensity at the zero-intensity timebased on the distance between the local vehicle and the remote vehicleand the velocity of the remote vehicle; incrementally reducing a firstlight intensity of the first high-beam lamp based on the intensityfunction from when the intensity function is determined to thezero-intensity time based on the intensity function, and maintaining thefirst light intensity of the first high-beam lamp at zero intensity fromthe zero-intensity time to the minimum-distance time.
 5. The method ofclaim 4, further comprising: incrementally increasing the first lightintensity of the first high-beam lamp from the zero intensity to themaximum intensity from the minimum-distance time to a maximum-intensitytime after the minimum-distance time.
 6. The method of claim 4, furthercomprising: turning on a second high-beam lamp in the local vehicleafter turning on the first high-beam lamp, the second high beam shininga second high-beam light into a second zone adjacent to the localvehicle, the second zone being different from the first zone;determining that the remote vehicle is located in the first zone afterdetecting the remote vehicle; and maintaining a second light intensityof the second high-beam lamp at full intensity from the detection timeto the minimum-distance time.
 7. The method of claim 4, furthercomprising: turning on a low-beam lamp to shine a low-beam light in thefirst zone before turning on the first high-beam lamp.
 8. The method ofclaim 7, wherein the low-beam lamp shines the low beam light at a firstangle below vertical, the first high-beam lamp shines the firsthigh-beam light at a second angle below vertical, and the first angle isgreater than the second angle.
 9. The method of claim 7, wherein theoperations of detecting the remote vehicle, determining the distancebetween the local vehicle and the remote vehicle, and determining thevelocity of the remote vehicle are performed using at least one ofcamera data, LiDAR data, radar data, or sonar data.